Manipur Under President’s Rule: Political Uncertainty, Ethnic Tensions and the Road Ahead

Manipur, a state known for its rich cultural heritage and strategic geopolitical importance, has been under President’s Rule since February 13, 2025. The decision came after Chief Minister N Biren Singh resigned, following criticism over his handling of ethnic clashes between the Meitei and Kuki-Zo communities.

Despite efforts to restore peace, ethnic tensions remain high, with COCOMI (Coordinating Committee on Manipur Integrity) leading protests against the state administration’s failure to address key issues. Meanwhile, 44 MLAs have expressed their willingness to form a new government, but the Centre remains reluctant to lift President’s Rule, fearing further instability.

Political Uncertainty: Leadership in Limbo

Since President’s Rule was imposed, governance has been directly under the Governor’s administration, with oversight from the Centre. However, political leaders in Manipur are pushing for the restoration of an elected government, arguing that President’s Rule is no substitute for democratic governance.

Key Political Developments:

• 44 MLAs have expressed readiness to form a new government, but the Centre remains hesitant.
• Governor Ajay Kumar Bhalla has met with political leaders, but no decision has been made on lifting President’s Rule.
• COCOMI has intensified protests, demanding accountability from the administration.

Ethnic Tensions and Civil Unrest

Manipur has been plagued by ethnic violence, particularly between the Meitei and Kuki-Zo communities. Since May 3, 2023, over 250 people have been killed, and thousands have been displaced.

Key Ethnic Clashes:

• Meitei vs. Kuki-Zo Conflict: The ongoing dispute over Scheduled Tribe status has led to violent clashes.
• Shutdowns and Protests: COCOMI has spearheaded demonstrations, demanding government accountability.
• Security Concerns: The Indian Army and paramilitary forces have been deployed to restore order, but tensions remain high.

Economic and Social Impact

The crisis in Manipur has severely impacted the state’s economy, with businesses shutting down and tourism declining. The Shirui Lily Festival, which attracted 1.70 lakh visitors, was overshadowed by political unrest.

Major Economic Consequences:

• Decline in Tourism: Manipur’s once-thriving tourism industry has suffered due to travel restrictions and security concerns.
• Business Closures: Local businesses have been forced to shut down, leading to economic instability.
• Displacement Crisis: Thousands of people have been forced to flee their homes, creating a humanitarian emergency.

What’s Next for Manipur?

The Centre is under immense pressure to take decisive action. The following scenarios could unfold:

1. Continued President’s Rule – The Centre may extend President’s Rule, citing security concerns and unresolved ethnic tensions.

2. Formation of a New Government – If the Centre approves the request of 44 MLAs, a new government could be formed, but ethnic divisions may complicate leadership selection.

3. Intensified Protests and Shutdowns – If government intervention remains weak, ethnic tensions could escalate further, leading to more violence and instability.

Conclusion: A State in Transition

Manipur remains in turmoil as President’s Rule continues, with ethnic clashes, governance struggles, and political uncertainty dominating headlines. While 44 MLAs have expressed readiness to form a new government, the Centre remains hesitant to revoke President’s Rule, citing security concerns.

Manipur’s future remains uncertain, with political instability, ethnic tensions, and governance challenges shaping its trajectory. Whether the Centre extends President’s Rule or allows the formation of a new government, the state must navigate these crises carefully to restore peace and stability. The people of Manipur are demanding strong leadership, accountability, and immediate action to resolve the crisis. The next few months will be crucial in determining the state’s future.

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